Contrast refers to the difference in thickness between the thick and thin strokes of a letter. By extension, it also describes any visual opposition within a composition, between two point sizes, two weights or two styles, that makes it possible to tell elements apart.
Where to see it
Contrast is high in typefaces such as Didot or Bodoni, where heavy stems sit alongside almost invisible hairlines, and low in sans serifs such as Helvetica, whose stroke is nearly uniform. In a layout, it can be seen between a large bold headline and body text set in roman.
Why this detail matters
Contrast is one of the most powerful levers in typography, in the letter as on the page:
- High contrast between thick and thin strokes gives a typeface elegance and refinement, but makes it more fragile at small sizes and on screen;
- Low contrast ensures good legibility in all conditions, which explains its frequent use in interfaces and signage;
- In a composition, contrast in point size, weight or style guides the eye and makes the hierarchy immediately clear.
Related term
Hierarchy organizes information in order of importance; it relies largely on the contrast between the elements of a page.